「出海厂商」还是「厂商出海」? 「Going Global」辨义
前不久有同事提出,以下译文不仅语法“不规范”,还容易引发“歧义”。
原文:国内ASO服务商也纷纷开始服务出海厂商。
译文:Chinese ASO companies have started to serve clients going global.
为避免“歧义”,该同事建议把译文改为:
Chinese ASO companies have started to serve their clients for their global presence.
从改后的意思看,笔者认为第二种译法不妥。原文明确说服务的对象是“开拓海外市场的厂商”,即“出海厂商”,而改后似乎变成“帮助厂商拓展海外市场”,即“厂商出海”,这脱离了原意。
文首译文是否存在歧义? going global 是否容易被当作补语?
我们知道, “及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语”的结构里,动词一般分为三类:
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Factitive verb / 作为动词
appoint 、 call、 choose 、 keep 、 consider 、 designate、 elect 等。其后的宾语和补语属于“同位关系”。比如:
I thought him an honest man.
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Perception verb / 感知动词
hear、 see、 watch、 notice、 feel、 notice 等。比如:
I heard her singing a song as I walked past her room.感知动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语(分词短语 ing …)
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Causative verb / 使役动词
let、 cause、 permit、 allow、 help、 assist、 have、 hire、 employ、 make、 force 等。允许或迫使或协助别人去做原本无权做、不想做或做不到的事情。比如:
No one can make John do the work.
We helped them to meet each other.
动词 serve 显然既不属于“作为动词”,也不属于“感知动词”,那么它是“使役动词”吗?
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从意思来看
serve 作及物动词时,常用来表示为他人提供服务或履行对他人的义务,但并不强调他人本身无力行事。比较而言,使役动词 help 虽然同样意味着为他人利益行事,但往往暗含他人本身无力行事之意。试比较:
He proudly served his country during the war.
She helps her elderly parents with household chores.
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从结构来看
to serve somebody 用例包括:
Frank has served this company his whole working life.serve + 宾语
The bar staff spend more time chatting to friends than serving customers.serve + 宾语
Carolyn served them tea and cake in the garden.serve + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
The waiter served them both with salmon poached in white wine.serve + 宾语 + 动词补语(介词短语 with …)
His ability to get on with people served him well in setting up his own business.serve + 宾语
to serve somebody with a writ/summons serve + 宾语 + 动词补语(介词短语 with …)
使役动词通常采用带 to 或者不带 to 的不定式作为补语,而以上用例显示, serve somebody (to) do something 的情形很少见。
看来,母语读者理应不会误把 going global 当做 clients 的补语,而只会把它当做对 clients 起限定作用的定语,即用来说明服务的对象是拓展海外市场的企业而不是其他企业。
ing 结构紧跟在名词后面作定语的例子并不少见,比如:
I watched the match because I knew the people playing. 动词 + 宾语( ing 定语后置)
比赛选手我认得,所以那场比赛我看了。
细心的读者可以发现,这个例子与文首译文的结构其实相同。
综合以上我们可以得出结论:serve 作及物动词时通常不接宾语补语,文首译文里的分词短语 going global 是 clients 的定语, to serve clients going global 并不存在歧义。